Behaviorism And Its Impact On The Learner - 2285 Words

Behaviorism is a worldview, which operates under a stimulus response principle. Every behavior is caused by an operating condition (external stimuli). Moreover, behaviors can be described without necessarily considering internal states or consciousness of mind. It basically assumes that a learner is passive, reacting to stimuli from the environment. Initially, the learner is a clean slate (tabula rasa) and the shaping of behavior is through positive as well as negative reinforcement. Both the reinforcements raise the possibility that the precursor behavior will occur again. However, both negative and positive punishments reduce the probability of the antecedent behavior happening again. Positive shows that stimulus is being applied while the negative is an indication of stimulus withdrawal. Thus, learning refers to a behavior change in the learner. Many behaviorist studies especially the earliest ones were done through animals and then widespread to human beings like Pavlov s dog. B ehaviorism comes before cognitive worldview and discards structuralism. It is an addition of Rational Positivism. Among the major contributors and creators of behaviorism are Ivan Pavlov, John Watson, B.F. Skinner, Bandura, E. L. Thorndike and Tolman. Keywords: stimulus-response (S-R), Operant conditioning, Methodological behaviorism, behaviorism in philosophy and Classical conditioning. Behaviorism Introduction Behaviorism is the theory, which postulates that the psychology of animalsShow MoreRelatedLearning Theories, Behaviorism, Constructivism, Cognitivism And E Learning1546 Words   |  7 Pagespoint of this paper is to detail the three commonly used learning theories (Behaviorism, Cognitivism and Constructivism) on online courses. The description of the implication of these learning theories can add to the procedure of learning for the learner. Online learning has developed quickly in the previous couple of years in schools obliging educators to learn compelling approaches to fabricate online groups of learners. There are obstructions to avoid and key segments to incorporate, while makingRead MoreBehaviorism Was A Slow Revolution1604 Words   |  7 PagesBehaviorism was a slow revolution that proved to become a popular study within psychology that lasted through the second decade of the twentieth century and through the beginning of the cognitive science revolution (Behjamin, 2014). D uring this time, there had been a vast amount of academic individuals that contributed to the multifaceted studies within the context of behaviorism. Many of the studies within this movement were based on the concept that all behaviors are the result of conditioningRead MoreDr. Combs . . . . . . . Educators Preserve Technique Before738 Words   |  3 Pages Educators preserve technique before educating learners’ abilities effectively influence students. Ordinarily, the effectiveness of an educator entrusts dynamic various strategies educate learners. However, learners retain brilliant approach ahead of comprehending findings. I acquire a personal philosophy through reading chapter three chapter 4 in Foundations of American Education. My personal philosophy is Behaviorism seeing it is similar to the school I worked at as an Teacher’sRead MoreWhy I Am Becoming A Teacher895 Words   |  4 Pagessame impact on children as these teachers did on me. I also want to become a teacher because I love helping and teaching children. Teaching is important to me because I want to make a difference with young children. I want to help them grow as students and make them ready for the next chapters in their life. For me, the first-third grade was a great part of my schooling because my teachers really helped me advance in my academics and I created a long lasting relationship with them. The learner isRead MoreBehaviorism And The Operant Conditioning Theory Essay1415 Words   |  6 PagesGuthrie believed that all learners were passive in nature and only responded to external stimuli. Behaviorism, as explored by the before mentioned, is a biological basis of learning and focuses exclusively on observable behaviors. This includes Thorndike’s theory of connectionism, Pavlov’s classical conditioning and the well-known conditioning theory from Skinner—the operant conditioning model. However, many researchers did not like the one-size fits all explanation of behaviorism. Cognitivism grew inRead MoreThe Intellectual Roots Of The Behaviorism Movement2174 Words   |  9 Pages Although the intellectual roots of the behaviorism movement predate Watson’s ideas, there were other contemporary academic individuals within the field of psychology is identified him as the founder of this movement to move toward the study of behavior. Behaviorism began in the roots of the American Progressive Movement of 1880 to 1920 when Social Darwinism was taken seriously (Behjamin, 2014). Darwin demonstrated the morphological and behavioral ties that could be found between humans and theRead MoreThe Role of Research and Statistics in the Field of Psychology1359 Words   |  6 PagesJohn B. Watson work on classical behaviorism that paved the way for B. F. Skinners radical or operant behaviorism which has had a large impact on educational systems. Watson was one of the influential psychologists of the twentieth century. His material is still used in most psychology and educational psychology texts. Watson helped with defining the study of behavior anticipated Skinners emphasis on operant conditioning and the importance of learning and environmental influencesRead MoreLearning And Its Implications For Education Essay1271 Words   |  6 Pageshow understanding, or a worldview, is acquired or changed and knowledge and skills retained.† There are many different versions and theories on learning. Some of the more common learning theories include behaviorism, cognitivism, and constructivism. The first theory is behaviorism. Behaviorism is where individuals believe that learning is conducted by outward change through behavior. According to Nemade (2007) he states, â€Å"To the behaviorist, human behavior has nothing to do with internal unconsciousRead More Educational Philosophies Essay1574 Words   |  7 Pagesmust first learn what you are not and what you do not find as truth. Therefore, in beginning my search for my own personal philosophy, I began with ruling out the philosophies that I am strongly opposed to. These philosophies are perennialism and behaviorism. Perennialism is a very conservative and inflexible philosophy of education. It is based on the view that reality comes from fundamental fixed truths-especially related to God. It believes that people find truth through reasoning andRead MoreBehaviorism And Social Learning Theory1531 Words   |  7 Pages Behaviorism and social learning theory are examples of two mechanistic theories that focus on explaining children’s behavior. Social learning theory emphasizes observational learning and imitation. On the other hand, behaviorism is rooted in focusing on how the environment impacts development. The environment shapes the child’s development as the child strives to adapt to the environment. Both theories deal with explaining behavior and consist of similarities, but are composed of different elements

The Songs of Experience - Explication of London Essay

The Songs of Experience - Explication of London nbsp; William Blake published, in 1794, a collection of poems entitled The Songs of Experience. This collection works in collaboration with an earlier collection of the authors poems called The Songs of Innocence. The works of 1794 bring to the reader a more realistic or even pessimistic view of the authors native England, in comparison to the poems in The Songs of Innocence. One of the works in the more realistic collection is simply titled London. In this work Blake gives a concise critique of the city that shares its name with the title as the speaker moves among the suffering people of that city. The poem condemns the condition of the city and its people. Blake†¦show more content†¦nbsp; The second stanza explores some of the suffering faces. Noted are the cries of men and infants. The scope is expanded to include every voice (ln.7). Then there is an extension of the ironic theme established with the use of Charterd in the first stanza. Blake writes, in every ban, / The mind-forged manacles I hear: (lns.7-10). The poet argues that the minds of the English people have been shackled by governmental control. Societys rules call up images of a people imprisoned without the freedom of thought. Blake is stating that England is not a land of liberated people, but rather a land of rules that dictate thought. It is possible that this inability to think freely is the true cause of suffering for Blake. nbsp; The third stanza explores two specific types of suffering people, and the institutions who have turned their backs on them. Blake writes; How the chimney-sweepers cry/ Every blackning Church appalls, (lns.9-10). The referential meaning of this utterance calls to mind the physical darkening of a church in the early days of the industrial revolution. Appalls, carries a variety of meanings, some of which deal with decay or the tarnishing of an object. Other more conventional meanings for our time call up images of horror. The idea of decay is there, but we can consider this decay on a spiritual level as well. Perhaps a blackning Church is one that has fallen from grace. As long asShow MoreRelated The Hidden Meaning of The Nuns Priests Tale Essay3752 Words   |  16 Pagessupporting exempla and makes passing reference to several more. Through the sheer mass of his evidence he wins his argument. However, he uses his precedents only to prove the contrary of what someone else has argued rather than to master his primary experience in order to interpret it10. Having argued that his dream presages adversitee (4343), Chauntecleer blithely ignores his own conclusion. Why is this? What was the point of the debate if not to discover whether Chauntecleer was in genuine dangerRead More The Death of the ‘Authorlessness Theory’? Essay6470 Words   |  26 PagesI planned to represent had been swallowed up and obscured by history instead of being recognized and honored† (8). Originally, Chicago planned on doing the project alone. Needing technical assistance, Leonard Skuro, a graduate student who had experience with porcelain, joined the project in the fall of 1975 (14). Shortly thereafter, a number of friends, students and fans of Chicago’s joined the project, adding dimensions to the project that Chicago had not originally intended. Chicago writesRead MoreEssay about The Publication of Uncle Tom’s Cabin4044 Words   |  17 Pagescriticized, the book immediately received a critical reception â€Å"of wild en thusiasm† (Donovan 16) that fully recognized the strong moral weight that was carried in its strong narrative. While the novel at the time may have been mostly viewed as an explication of conditions in the South, the associated moral argument is not merely recognized in historical analysis, but was quite apparent and important to literary critics and analysts of the time. Donovan describes one critical observation of the 19thRead More Visions of The Primitive in Langston Hughes’s The Big Sea Essay examples6201 Words   |  25 PagesVisions of â€Å"The Primitive† in Langston Hughes’s The Big Sea Recounting his experiences as a member of a skeleton crew in â€Å"The Haunted Ship† section of his autobiography The Big Sea (1940), Langston Hughes writes This rusty tub was towed up the Hudson to Jonas Point a few days after I boarded her and put at anchor with eighty or more other dead ships of a similar nature, and there we stayed all winter. ...[T]here were no visitors and I almost never went ashore. Those long winter nightsRead MoreHow Fa Has the Use of English Language Enriched or Disrupted Life and Culture in Mauritius15928 Words   |  64 PagesFacebook †¢ Like this: Like Loading... [pic] 26 Comments on â€Å"CLOSE READINGS† 1. [pic]John Cooper says: July 13, 2011 at 3:36 pm Emily Dickenson’s poem â€Å"Because I could not stop for Death† details the events the narrator experiences after dying. In the poem, the narrator is driven around in a horse-drawn carriage to several places, including a schoolyard, a field of wheat, and a house sunken in the ground. However, a deeper reading of the poem reveals the poet’s uncertaintyRead MoreEssay on Reflexive Embodied Empathy9936 Words   |  40 Pagesidentity rests. Applying Merleau-Ponty’s ideas of embodiment, understanding and self-reflection to the phenomenological research process, I argue that empathy is not just about emotional knowing, it is a felt, embodied, intersubjective experience. It is also an experience which underpins our ability to understand our participants. For this reason we need to learn to read and interrogate our body’s response to, and relationship with, the body of our research participant (the Other). Firstly, as we studyRead MoreMetz Film Language a Semiotics of the Cinema PDF100902 Words   |  316 Pagesare not paradigmatic, because they are actualized in analysis). The work of the contemporary French linguist Andrà © Martinet provides the author with more methodological concepts (see Elements of General Linguistics, translated by Elizabeth Palmer. London: Faber Faber, 1960; also, A Functional View of Language, Oxford University Press, New York, 1962). Especially important is Martinet s theory of double articulation, according to which the potentially unlimited number of linguistic statements a

Manufacture Engineering and Management

Question: Discuss about the Manufacture Engineering and Management. Answer: Introduction In this world due to increase of commercialization, usage of non-renewable sources of energy has been increased. It is not a good prospect for the future of the earth. Non-renewable sources of energy are considered as the exhaustible sources of energy. Day by day, the amount of this energy is decreasing. It is a point of concern as it also incurs huge pollution that causes damage to the environment. At global level, pollution is increasing due to excessive exploitation of the non-renewable sources of energy such as fossil fuels. Due to the consequence, the prices of these sources of energy are increasing. Hence, it is high time for the use of renewable sources of energy. The study is focused on the efficiency of Stirling engine that is powered by solar energy. It will forecasts the future of the use of Stirling engine in the commercial field. Stirling engine acts on the power of solar energy. Stirling engine can be of both high temperature and low temperature. Stirling engine is more reliable and can be easily manufactured; hence, this report is conventional as it focuses on the projects that allows experimental research on the manufacturing, set up of the Stirling Engine, Powered by Solar Energy. This research has shed light upon the management of the Stirling Engine resulting into best possible outcome. Literature review Literature review helps to accommodate the critical evaluation on the knowledge of the topic, on which research is being conducted. Moreover, it helps to assess the important points of the previous research findings on the concerned topic along with highlighting the weakness. In this study, literature review has been incorporated on the concept of the Stirling engine and importance of this engine. Recommendation has also been given so that performance can be enhanced resulting into improved service. Concept of Stirling Engine: According to, Ahmadi et al. (2013), whether it is developed county or the developing one, the crisis of the energy is present worldwide. Population is increasing day by day; however, there is no chance of replenishing the resources. Moreover, Reddy et al. (2013), suggested that if the attrition of the resources would go continuously a morsel of the fossil fuel will not be present. Hence, it is the highest priority to go for the sustainable energy so that balance between non renewable and renewable resources can be maintained. Another complication of using fossil fuel excessively results in the environmental pollution like ozone depletion, green house effect etc. Significance of practising usage of renewable energy like wind mills, solar energy lies in this regard. In present scenario, traditional engines that work on the internal combustion are mostly used. Khan and Arsalan (2016), mentioned Stirling engines as the best alternative of those traditional heat engines. Stirling engine i s kind of engine that works on the principle of compression and expansion of the working fluid in a cyclic order. Stirling engine works on the principle of converting the heat energy to a work mechanically. Hence, it is valid in case of using the solar power to produce the energy. Saed and Tlili (2015), mentioned, Stirling engine as the mechanism that reciprocates the enclose working fluid and external combustion process. Stirling engine can provide more efficiency than the traditional steam engine. This engine has the capacity to utilize any kind of heat sources. As the cost of conventional energy is increasing according to the fluctuating economic condition the requirement for the application of energy that is cost effective and easily available has become mandatory. Stirling engine works on the closed working fluid in a reversible thermodynamic cycle. Working fluid moves between the cold and hot end of the cylinder; due to the continuous expansion and compression of the working f luid during the movement, constant volume occurs, that is too resulted by the fixed temperature of alternative cooling and heating. Therefore, solar energy can be used as the perfect source for the Stirling engine. Solar heat can be used as the input for the engine that can in turn reduce the carbon-di-oxide emission in the environment facilitating the prospects for the control of environment pollution. Evaluation of significance of the Stirling Engine: It is impossible to deny the necessity of approaching towards renewable energy rather using the traditional fossil fuel energy. Reckless exploitation of the non-renewable sources without paying no attention for the future generation has led the situation where the scarcity of the energy will become the most concerned matter for the livelihood (Twidell and Weir 2015). To make people aware of the problem regrading the depletion of the resources government from the different countries across the globe has taken initiatives; one of the inclusions in those lists of initiative is the use of solar energy as the alternative energy, available from the fossil fuel. Hence, the significance of the Stirling Engine can be easily assessed from all this actions. Using solar energy massively as the source of the Stirling engine will definitely influence the reduction of the Green House Gas effect making the earth liveable for the upcoming centuries (Lee, Speight and Loyalka 2014). Another important a spect of this engine is that it requires fewer amounts of external efforts for the accomplishment of its operation. On addition, requirement of the maintenance is very low for this engine as well as it can use various heat producing sources ranges from mW to MW (Bassam 2013). Stirling energy involves working fluids that possess specific heat capacity, higher thermal conductivity, lower density and viscosity so that better performance can be obtained. However, there are some contradictions regarding the cost efficiency of the Stirling engines. Installation cost of this engine is higher comparison to the regular combustion engines. Moreover, appropriate knowledge, research is required along with the advanced technological support for the successful accomplishment. Another problem is requirement of the more space than other engines as Stirling engine is heavier and large in size. Therefore, some suggestions can be put to enhance the quality of the performance of the Stirling engine. Working function of the Stirling engine is based on the difference of the high temper in two points that is why it would not work if the temperature is low. Stigka, Paravantis, and Mihalakakou (2014), suggested that principle of the Stirling engine, based on the LTD solar power can be implemented on the usual Stirling engines; it will allow the engine to work on the low temperature. Another recommendation is the use of molten salt in the solar powered Stirling engine so that it can work at night or in a bad when solar heat is not available properly. Finally more efforts must be given by the governments and other organizational bodies for the acknowledgement of the positive impact and usefulness of the solar powered Stirling engines in the society and environment. Research aims and objectives Research Questions The research questions of the study are as follows: What is the future of Stirling solar powered engines in the commercial field? How the efficiency of the Stirling Engine can be improved for increased productivity? Aims and objectives The aim of the research is to redefine the concept of solar powered engines especially Stirling engines and to provide proper solutions to increase its efficiency. The main aim can be subdivided into few sub goals such as To improve the utility of the Stirling solar powered engines. To gain a proper understanding about solar powered engines. To explain the effectiveness of Stirling engines in commercial field. Methodology/ Theoretical content Research methodology is defined as the systematic review of the research topic that is undertaken in the study for conducting the research is analysed by using qualitative and quantitative research methods. By implementing these techniques of research, the viewers will gather a deeper understanding of the theoretical content of the selected research topic (Tian and Zhao 2013). By using quantitative research methods, the numerical data that will be obtained from the findings and analysis will help the researcher in providing solutions to the research problem (Luo et al. 2016). At the end, the report will provide recommendations to increase the efficiency and utilization of Stirling solar powered engines. The research methodology consists of researches that are based on collection of secondary data from the credible sources of scholarly articles, peer reviewed journals, newspaper articles, books, etc. The literature review section will help the viewers in collecting a proper knowledge about the different concepts of utility of Stirling engine (Py et al. 2013). In this research, there are two hypotheses that can be derived from the above research questions that are already developed. The two hypotheses can be categorised under H0 i.e. null hypothesis and H1 i.e. alternative hypothesis. H0: Stirling solar powered engines are considered as the trusted source of power in the future. H1: Stirling solar powered engines are not considered as the trusted source of power in the future. The two mentioned hypothesis are based on the research questions, aims and sub goals. However, to prove the hypotheses, a detailed analysis of the solar powered engines should be studied. The secondary sources will provide relevant data about the theoretical knowledge of the mechanisms of the solar engines as well as the ways that can increase their level of efficiency (Kuravi et al. 2013). The study will focus on the utility of other combustible engines with Stirling solar powered engines. The qualitative and quantitative research will help in finding analysis of the research topic and prove that the null hypothesis i.e. solar power engines i.e. Stirling engines are considered as beneficial and trusted source of power in the future (Saed and Tlili 2015). Experimental Setup and potential limitations For conducting the research, experimental set up is necessary in order to explain the mechanisms of solar engines along with Stirling engines. A LTD Stirling engine is different from a typical Stirling engine. An LTD Stirling engine has a warm side and a cool side. The difference in temperature is the mechanism of working of these engines. The difference is very small in a way it helps in broadening of selection of potential heat sources. The advantage of LTD Stirling engine is that it can run on the temperature difference between the surrounding air and the hand. However, it has no component for refrigeration. Currently, the LTD Stirling engines are used in small-scale purpose. Hence, it can be assumed that large-scale LTD Stirling engines are more efficient than small-scale engines when it is working in commercial purpose. The experiment will be conducted on large-scale Stirling engines. The effectiveness of the large scale engines are more than that of the small-scale Stirling eng ines that are currently using. The limitations of the experimental research are based on the research aims and objectives i.e. the efficiency of the LTD Stirling engine. The experimental set up of the Stirling engine explains that it is more beneficial than normal Stirling engines. The heat transfer in the engines is the main point of the advantage of these engines in practice. The manufacturing of large scale Stirling engines are not an easy task when compared to the manufacturing of small scale Stirling engines (Kongtragool 2013). Results, outcome and relevance The results of the research prove that Stirling engines can be a better option when compared to other combustible engines. The research includes a variety of views of different authors of scholarly articles and peer reviewed journals regarding the advantages of Stirling engines over other engines (Ahmadi et al. 2013). The results of this research illustrates about the benefits and mechanisms of Stirling engine. It is pointed out that the solar engines are free from pollution and are very economical to use in the practical field. The null hypothesis is proved to be true i.e. Stirling engines are considered as the trusted sources of providing eco friendly power to the environment (Henry and Prasher 2014). The outcome of the work is positive. It is related to the future prospects of the engine. The expected outcome supports that this type of engine are considered as effective heat engines that can be replaced in case of other combustible engines. It can be said that these engines are the future of serving power to the industries (Dunham et al. 2014). The research will mitigate the gap of the previous research that was conducted earlier. By pointing the gap in the previous literatures, the recommendations of effectiveness of the Stirling engines will be provided so that they can work properly in the near future. The study that is being conducted is highly relevant. The information that are provided in the study will help the viewers in gaining a proper understanding of the different aspects of Stirling engines (Ahmadi et al. 2013). It illustrated that these engines are considered as future prospects of providing power to many sectors of industries. The cost of production of power from these engines might be high in initial times, but scientists are finding ways to reduce the cost of production of power from solar energy. The major advantage is that it is pollution free and is economical for use. Project planning and Gantt chart A project planning along with Gant Chart is provided so that the progress of the research work can be traced in a proper way. The total work is proceeded within 88 days. The duration of the total work is explained in the Gantt chart. The whole project completion is divided into few categories such as project preparation, project execution, analysis validation and project delivery. The project preparation requires 20 days for completion. Preparation of research proposal, research background and closing project preparation will be completed in 15 days, 4 days and 1 day. Project execution will take 20 days for proceeding into next work i.e. analysis and validation. Secondary data collection, formulating literature review and summary will take 5 days, 10 days and 5 days respectively. Again, analysis and validation will take 24 days to proceed the project into project delivery that will continue for 24 days. Content analysis, findings, result comparison and conclusion is completed within 12 days, 3 days, 4 days and 5 days consecutively. In the project delivery, reviewing draft, taking feedback, and final submission will take 16 days, 3 days and 5 days respectively. Task Name Duration Start Finish Predecessors Development of Stirling Solar Power Engine 88 days Wed 10/19/16 Fri 2/17/17 Project Preparation 20 days Wed 10/19/16 Tue 11/15/16 Commencing research proposal 15 days Wed 10/19/16 Tue 11/8/16 Developing research background 4 days Wed 11/9/16 Mon 11/14/16 2 Closing of Project preparation 1 day Tue 11/15/16 Tue 11/15/16 3 Project Execution 20 days Wed 11/16/16 Tue 12/13/16 Collecting Secondary data 5 days Wed 11/16/16 Tue 11/22/16 4 Developing literature review 10 days Wed 11/23/16 Tue 12/6/16 6 Summary of the findings 5 days Wed 12/7/16 Tue 12/13/16 7 Analysis and Validation 24 days Wed 12/14/16 Mon 1/16/17 Content Analysis 12 days Wed 12/14/16 Thu 12/29/16 8 Discussion of findings 3 days Fri 12/30/16 Tue 1/3/17 10 Comparison of results 4 days Wed 1/4/17 Mon 1/9/17 11 Providing final conclusion 5 days Tue 1/10/17 Mon 1/16/17 12 Project Delivery 24 days Tue 1/17/17 Fri 2/17/17 Review of draft 16 days Tue 1/17/17 Tue 2/7/17 13 Feedback from expert 3 days Wed 2/8/17 Fri 2/10/17 15 Final submission of project 5 days Mon 2/13/17 Fri 2/17/17 16 Fig 1 Gantt Chart (Source: Created by author) Conclusion The study proceeds with a detailed description of the working mechanisms of the Stirling engines along with its utility. The operational efficiency of these engines can be increased if they are properly used for the generation of power. Apart from that, the most important issue is the environmental concern. Usage of Stirling engines as the source of power is the most trusted way of protecting the environment from getting polluted, as there is no part of combustion. The working mechanism is totally different from the engines that are generating power from non-renewable sources of energy. However, it is seen that there are many researches that has been already conducted previously related to this research topic. Hence, this research will help in filling the gap of the earlier works. References Ahmadi, M.H., Hosseinzade, H., Sayyaadi, H., Mohammadi, A.H. and Kimiaghalam, F., 2013. Application of the multi-objective optimization method for designing a powered Stirling heat engine: design with maximized power, thermal efficiency and minimized pressure loss.Renewable energy,60, pp.313-322. Ahmadi, M.H., Sayyaadi, H., Dehghani, S. and Hosseinzade, H., 2013. Designing a solar powered Stirling heat engine based on multiple criteria: maximized thermal efficiency and power.Energy Conversion and Management,75, pp.282-291. Ahmadi, M.H., Sayyaadi, H., Mohammadi, A.H. and Barranco-Jimenez, M.A., 2013. Thermo-economic multi-objective optimization of solar dish-Stirling engine by implementing evolutionary algorithm.Energy Conversion and Management,73, pp.370-380. Bassam, N.E., 2013.Energy plant species: their use and impact on environment and development. Routledge. Dunham, M.T. and Iverson, B.D., 2014. High-efficiency thermodynamic power cycles for concentrated solar power systems.Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews,30, pp.758-770. Henry, A. and Prasher, R., 2014. The prospect of high temperature solid state energy conversion to reduce the cost of concentrated solar power.Energy Environmental Science,7(6), pp.1819-1828. Kalogirou, S.A., 2013. Solar thermoelectric power generation in Cyprus: Selection of the best system.Renewable energy,49, pp.278-281. Khan, J. and Arsalan, M.H., 2016. Solar power technologies for sustainable electricity generationA review.Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews,55, pp.414-425. Kongtragool, B., 2013. Generalized classical thermodynamic analysis of a Stirling engine.Srinakharinwirot Engineering Journal,2(2). Kuravi, S., Trahan, J., Goswami, D.Y., Rahman, M.M. and Stefanakos, E.K., 2013. Thermal energy storage technologies and systems for concentrating solar power plants.Progress in Energy and Combustion Science,39(4), pp.285-319. Lee, S., Speight, J.G. and Loyalka, S.K. eds., 2014.Handbook of alternative fuel technologies. crc Press. Luo, Z., Sultan, U., Ni, M., Peng, H., Shi, B. and Xiao, G., 2016. Multi-objective optimization for GPU3 Stirling engine by combining multi-objective algorithms.Renewable Energy,94, pp.114-125. Py, X., Azoumah, Y. and Olives, R., 2013. Concentrated solar power: Current technologies, major innovative issues and applicability to West African countries.Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews,18, pp.306-315. Reddy, V.S., Kaushik, S.C., Ranjan, K.R. and Tyagi, S.K., 2013. State-of-the-art of solar thermal power plantsA review.Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews,27, pp.258-273. Saed, A. and Tlili, I., 2015. Numerical Investigation of Working Fluid Effect on Stirling Engine Performance.Int. J. of Thermal Environmental Engineering,10(1), pp.31-36. Saed, A. and Tlili, I., 2015. Numerical Investigation of Working Fluid Effect on Stirling Engine Performance.Int. J. of Thermal Environmental Engineering,10(1), pp.31-36. Singh, G.K., 2013. Solar power generation by PV (photovoltaic) technology: a review.Energy,53, pp.1-13. Stigka, E.K., Paravantis, J.A. and Mihalakakou, G.K., 2014. Social acceptance of renewable energy sources: A review of contingent valuation applications.Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews,32, pp.100-106. Tian, Y. and Zhao, C.Y., 2013. A review of solar collectors and thermal energy storage in solar thermal applications.Applied Energy,104, pp.538-553. Twidell, J. and Weir, T., 2015.Renewable energy resources. Routledge.

Reread Prayer Before Birth By Louis Macneice Essay Paper Example For Students

Reread Prayer Before Birth By Louis Macneice Essay Paper Eminence. Explore how the poet conveys the modern world as brutal and a corrupting force. By Disintegration In prayer before birth, Louis Eminence uses a baby to convey his thoughts and emotions on the current state of the world. Nacelle wishes to emphasize how harsh and ruthless the world Is, and how it can strip away a young unborn baby of Its Innocence. By cleverly combining uses of structure. Rhyme scheme and rhetorical techniques Eminence effectively conveys the pain and suffering which occurs in society today. The poem is set out like an appeal, a cry for help. The title itself, using the word prayer shows that the baby is trying to get help for something which troubles him- which raises a question; why would a soon-to-be born fetus that has Its whole life strewn In front of it be despairing? Shouldnt It be preparing to enjoy that experience? The first line reveals what the fetus is afraid of: O hear me. Let not the bloodsucking bat or the rat of the stoat or the club-footed ghoul come near me The use of O hear me. And Let not seem to be a demand, emphasizing the fetus racers- it is pleading to be protected from the threats of the bat, rat, stoat and ghoul. These creatures dont seem to be meant In literal form- creatures such as these do not pose a major threat to todays children, Rather, they seem to be used figuratively, as these creatures are associated with disease. They are also frequently the subject of childrens nightmares. The use of club-footed ghoul especially is a strong use of imagery, as the word ghoul implies a diseased, flesh-eating and dismembered monster. Also, the internal rhyme used by rat, bat and stoat emphasizes these dangers- they become more apparent. This first stanza shows that the fetus believes the world to be full of disease and suffering. The poem then proceeds in a much similar technique- each stanza devotes itself to a particular danger the fetus wishes itself to be protected against in the world. Stanza two talks about the how humans themselves can use torture, imprisonment and manipulation. Stanza three, the only positive paragraph in the poem talks about freedom and conscience, and that in these times. Four discusses the sin that the tutus will eventually make as he grows up which the world forces him to, and five against the eventual crimes that will be committed against and by the fetus in its life, in the brutal and corrupting world. The sixth stanza is particularly strong, though short: Let not the man who is beast or who thinks he is God come near me The importance of the stanza is shown by its length. It is obvious Eminence wishes us to focus on this particular section- he may consider this the most dangerous and threatening force against the fetus. The use of beast is very strong, considering that Eminence is talking about a human being here- the suggestion of a human combined with a beast brings up an image of the devil. Thus, Eminence warns us of human beings with evil intent The second part, who thinks he is God may have double meaning- Firstly, this may have meant genetic engineering, how scientist who play god with genetics could possibly euthanize people- however, considering that Eminence lived in the early twentieth century this was probably not his intention. More likely he would have meant tyrants, dictators such as Hitler or Stalin who ruled like gods over their exceptive populations. Eminence reinforces the image by using God as a religious notion- especially to tell us how corrupt this world is, as shown by how these dictators were worshipped instead of proper religion such as Christianity. The final stanza offers another chilling introspective at the fetus fears: Let them not make a stone and let them not spill me. Otherwise kill me Eminence tries to convince the audience to protect the baby, and concludes so in a plea to protect the baby against the two main dangers posed in the poem. Stone is seed as a image for monotony, describing the fear of not becoming a unique person and forced to become Just another cog in a machine. The use of spill me is used metaphorically as a image for the destruction of the mind, and how it is a fragile thing that can easily be damaged or wasted by the brutality of the world. The last line is the most resounding in the poem. Kill by itself is a very strong word to use, and its consonance adds to its harshness. But whats especiall y significant is that the fetus itself is asking to be killed if it is not protected from harms way. .uf961a23915f42286d766a85476f55415 , .uf961a23915f42286d766a85476f55415 .postImageUrl , .uf961a23915f42286d766a85476f55415 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uf961a23915f42286d766a85476f55415 , .uf961a23915f42286d766a85476f55415:hover , .uf961a23915f42286d766a85476f55415:visited , .uf961a23915f42286d766a85476f55415:active { border:0!important; } .uf961a23915f42286d766a85476f55415 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uf961a23915f42286d766a85476f55415 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uf961a23915f42286d766a85476f55415:active , .uf961a23915f42286d766a85476f55415:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uf961a23915f42286d766a85476f55415 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uf961a23915f42286d766a85476f55415 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uf961a23915f42286d766a85476f55415 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uf961a23915f42286d766a85476f55415 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uf961a23915f42286d766a85476f55415:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uf961a23915f42286d766a85476f55415 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uf961a23915f42286d766a85476f55415 .uf961a23915f42286d766a85476f55415-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uf961a23915f42286d766a85476f55415:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Robert Frost Poetry - Emotional Barriers EssayEminence wants us to think how brutal and corrupt the world is by showing that an unborn baby is willing to be killed if it is not protected from outside forces. Generally increasing in length but sometimes suddenly shortened. These shorter stanzas are made to be more empathetic and focused, and thus Eminence has made them to be the most important factors which the fetus needs to be protected against. However, the structure may run deeper than that. The poem seemingly resembles the fetus speech: His prayer of protection gradually increases in confidence as the Tanana become longer, but stumbles somewhat during those shorter lin es. It shows how the fetus is devoted to his cause and quest against the brutality of the world. Thus we can see that Eminence conveys the brutality and corruption of the world through several methods, but most importantly through an unborn baby. Eminence wants us to think about the world- he has systematically listed some of the events and things that are bad with the world. Eminence wants us to ask ourselves this striking question: If we cannot guarantee the safety and well-being of our next generation, should we kill them?